Alberta's oil sands has the third largest oil reserves in the world, after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. Alberta's oil sands’ proven reserves equal about 165.4 billion barrels (bbl). Crude bitumen production (mined and in situ) totalled about 2.8 million barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2017. The Athabasca oil sands, also known as the Athabasca tar sands, are large deposits of bitumen or extremely heavy crude oil, located in northeastern Alberta, Canada – roughly centred on the boomtown of Fort McMurray. These oil sands, hosted primarily in the McMurray Formation, consist of a mixture of crude bitumen